Tensions between Pakistan and Afghanistan have sharply escalated after Pakistani airstrikes reportedly targeted major Afghan cities, including the capital Kabul, amid growing hostilities along their volatile border.

Pakistan’s defence minister declared that the two neighbours were now in a state of “open war,” underscoring the severity of the confrontation after months of tit-for-tat military clashes and cross-border violence.

The latest escalation followed an attack by Afghan forces on Pakistani border troops late Thursday night. The Taliban-led Afghan government said the assault was carried out in retaliation for earlier Pakistani airstrikes that reportedly caused casualties inside Afghan territory. Afghan authorities accused Islamabad of violating their sovereignty and warned of further retaliation if such actions continued.

In response, Pakistani Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif issued a stern warning, asserting that Pakistan’s military was fully prepared to respond decisively. “Our forces have the full capability to crush any aggressive ambitions,” Sharif said, signalling Islamabad’s readiness for a prolonged confrontation if tensions worsen.

The exchange of strikes marks one of the most dangerous phases in Pakistan-Afghanistan relations in recent years. Relations between the two countries have deteriorated significantly since the Taliban returned to power in Afghanistan, with Pakistan accusing militant groups operating from Afghan soil of carrying out attacks on its security forces.

Islamabad has repeatedly urged Afghan authorities to take action against insurgent networks, while Kabul has denied harbouring militants and accused Pakistan of using force instead of diplomatic engagement.

The rapidly escalating military exchanges have raised fears of a broader regional conflict, with analysts warning that continued escalation could destabilise the already fragile security environment in South Asia.

The international community has called for restraint, urging both sides to resolve their differences through dialogue rather than military confrontation. However, with both nations adopting increasingly aggressive rhetoric and military action, prospects for immediate de-escalation remain uncertain. 

This image is taken from NDTV.