The Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF) has unveiled striking images of its Kawasaki EC-2 electronic warfare (EW) aircraft prototype, signaling a planned service entry in 2027. The EC-2 is derived from the C-2 transport platform, and its development coincides with Tokyo’s deliberations over the remaining C-2 production slots.

On 12 March, the JASDF Air Development and Test Command released photos of the aircraft at Gifu Air Base. Converted from the first delivered C-2, the EC-2 features a heavily modified airframe optimized for electronic attack missions. Its most notable feature is the ‘Platypus’ nose, believed to house advanced radar-jamming antennas, enabling the aircraft to engage targets while disrupting enemy radar from a safe distance.

Additional modifications include lateral fairings along the rear fuselage, likely containing side-looking ECM and ESM sensors, and two dorsal humps—one possibly for satellite communications and the other for specialized jamming systems to disrupt enemy networks. The aircraft is powered by two GE Aerospace CF6 turbofans, maintaining the C-2’s proven performance. Japan’s Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics Agency (ATLA) expects development to conclude by the end of fiscal 2026, with operational deployment set for 2027 at Iruma Air Base, strengthening the JASDF’s EW capabilities.

The exact number of EC-2s to be procured is still under review, though plans suggest up to four, replacing the single EC-1 standoff jammer retired in 2025. The JASDF currently operates 18 C-2s, but with conversions—including the EC-2 and an RC-2 electronic intelligence variant—16 remain in standard transport roles. With only four C-2 production slots remaining, Tokyo must decide between additional transports or EW platforms, a choice that will shape the force’s capabilities amid rising regional tensions.

These developments reflect Japan’s focus on self-reliant EW solutions to address modern threats, reducing dependence on aging or foreign systems. ATLA has also explored options to enhance heavy-lift capability, including potential second-hand Boeing C-17s or Airbus A400Ms, though no decisions have been finalized. The C-130H fleet’s future remains uncertain, with sustainment and upgrades under review.

Notably, the JASDF tested the US Air Force’s Rapid Dragon concept on a C-2 in FY2023-24, deploying palletized long-range cruise missiles from the cargo ramp. This trial may inform future dual-role strike capabilities, which, combined with the EC-2’s EW systems, could provide Japan with potent networked strike options. As production slots shrink and the FY2027 operational date approaches, Tokyo’s decisions on the EC-2 will impact its Indo-Pacific security posture. Procuring four EC-2s would close a critical gap in electronic warfare, enhance spectrum dominance, and reinforce Japan’s defense innovation.