In June 2025, Russia made a groundbreaking offer to India: its fifth-generation Su-57E stealth fighter jet, accompanied by full access to the aircraft’s source code. According to regional and defense sources, this unprecedented proposal has significantly reshaped the competition for India’s next-gen fighter acquisition, putting Russia in direct contention with the United States and its F-35 Lightning II. India’s modernization of its air force is largely driven by the need to address mounting security threats, especially from China and Pakistan. The Su-57E, Russia’s most advanced fighter designed for export, rivals top Western jets with a top speed of Mach 2, a 1,500 km combat radius, and a 10-ton payload capacity. It also features stealth technology, high-end avionics, and agile, super-maneuverable engines—making it a strong candidate for air dominance and multi-role missions.

The highlight of Russia’s offer is the inclusion of the Su-57E’s source code—something almost never shared in global defense deals. With this access, India could independently maintain, customize, and upgrade the aircraft, as well as integrate domestic systems. This fits well with India’s “Make in India” initiative and its push toward self-reliant defense technology. In contrast, the U.S. typically keeps full control over its platforms, denying even close allies access to the F-35’s proprietary software. The F-35, developed by Lockheed Martin, is considered the most advanced stealth fighter globally, known for its superior sensor fusion, digital warfare capabilities, and seamless networking. However, its tightly controlled software restricts foreign users from independently modifying or maintaining it—a significant limitation for a country like India that values autonomy.

Cost also plays a key role: the F-35A is priced around $110 million per unit, whereas the Su-57E is projected at about $80 million. Additionally, the F-35’s maintenance demands and logistical support are heavily U.S.-centric, which could strain India’s budget and infrastructure. The Su-57E, meanwhile, aligns more naturally with India’s existing Russian-made platforms like the Su-30MKI, easing logistics and integration challenges. In terms of capabilities, the F-35 excels in stealth and coordinated electronic warfare missions, making it ideal for modern networked operations. The Su-57E, though slightly behind in stealth, offers better speed, agility, and flexibility—qualities crucial for operations in regions like the Himalayas. Russia’s willingness to share advanced technology and co-production rights is partially driven by its desire to retain India as a key defense partner amidst Western sanctions and a shrinking arms export market. Russia has been India’s largest military supplier, with over 60% of India’s defense equipment sourced from Moscow, creating a strong industrial and strategic bond.

For India, this deal could boost the development of its indigenous Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) program. Access to Russian know-how in avionics, radar, and engines could accelerate the project significantly. Still, India is unlikely to abandon AMCA, as it remains a symbol of national capability and pride. The F-35, on the other hand, strengthens India’s growing partnership with the U.S. and its role in the Quad alliance, offering improved interoperability and a strong counterweight to Chinese regional ambitions. But deepening military ties with Russia carries the risk of triggering U.S. sanctions under laws like CAATSA, as seen during India’s S-400 missile system procurement.

India’s situation is further complicated by a shrinking number of fighter squadrons and the urgent need for new aircraft. The Su-57E promises faster delivery, lower costs, and better integration with existing assets. The F-35 offers superior capabilities and global partnerships—but at a premium and with stricter controls. Both options come with trade-offs: Russia faces production uncertainties due to ongoing sanctions, which could affect Su-57E deliveries. The F-35’s cost and restrictive policies may undermine India’s long-term autonomy in operations and technology.

India now faces a pivotal decision—one that will shape its airpower for decades. It must weigh the benefits of independence and affordability against the technological edge and strategic depth offered by the U.S. The source code offer for the Su-57E is a bold move by Russia to maintain its influence in the region and challenge America’s growing defense ties with India. The choice will determine not just India’s future air combat capability but also its broader geopolitical orientation in an increasingly polarized global order.