AIIMS Data Raises Concern Over Growing Use of Gandhak-Potash Explosives as Firecracker Alternatives

The use of homemade explosive mixtures containing gandhak (sulphur) and potash as alternatives to conventional firecrackers has emerged as a growing public safety concern, with medical data highlighting injuries linked to these dangerous substances during Diwali celebrations. Doctors have warned that such improvised explosives can cause serious burns, blast injuries and permanent disabilities, particularly among people who attempt to handle them without proper knowledge or safety precautions. According to data from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Delhi, the hospital recorded 70 conventional firecracker-related burn cases and 17 potash-related injuries in 2024. In 2025, conventional firecracker injuries increased to 80, while cases linked to potash-based mixtures stood at 10.

The figures highlight the risks associated with homemade explosive alternatives, which are often used outside regulated manufacturing and safety standards. The danger was also highlighted in a medical study published in 2023 by doctors associated with Safdarjung Hospital. The research documented 12 cases of injuries caused by homemade firecracker powder during Diwali 2022. Several victims suffered serious injuries involving their hands, faces and eyes, with some facing the possibility of permanent physical damage.

AIIMS's Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences recorded 200 eye injuries during Diwali 2025, compared with 160 cases in 2024. Of the injuries reported in 2025, 40 were associated with carbide guns, another alternative increasingly being used during festive celebrations. Most carbide-gun injury victims were boys aged between seven and 15, raising concerns about children's exposure to potentially dangerous devices. Medical professionals have cautioned that misuse of such equipment can cause severe eye injuries and lasting vision problems.

The issue has also drawn attention to the growing availability of unconventional firecracker alternatives and videos demonstrating their use on social media. Experts believe easy access to such content could encourage inexperienced individuals, particularly young people, to experiment with hazardous materials. Hospitals have also reported a substantial burden of conventional firecracker injuries during festive periods. Safdarjung Hospital recorded 216 burn cases during Diwali in both 2024 and 2025. The 2025 cases included 198 injuries caused by conventional firecrackers and 18 associated with diyas.

Doctors have stressed that homemade explosive mixtures are particularly dangerous because their behaviour can be unpredictable. Unlike regulated fireworks, these improvised materials do not undergo standardised manufacturing checks or safety testing. Authorities have also faced challenges in controlling the use of carbide guns and other unconventional devices. Madhya Pradesh, for instance, introduced restrictions on carbide guns following reports of serious injuries during the 2025 Diwali celebrations.

Medical experts and safety advocates have called for stronger enforcement, public awareness campaigns and greater parental supervision to prevent accidents. They have also urged people not to experiment with homemade explosives or handle unidentified chemical mixtures. The latest figures underline the need to look beyond conventional firecracker restrictions and address the risks posed by alternative explosive devices. As concerns over pollution and firecracker safety continue, preventing injuries caused by unregulated homemade explosives remains an important public safety priority.

Disclaimer: This image is taken from Hindustan Times.