China is actively conducting large-scale seabed mapping, particularly in the Indian Ocean, under the pretext of civilian research. However, this initiative aligns with a broader strategy aimed at strengthening its military capabilities, especially in submarine warfare. According to the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS), while these surveys contribute to scientific and commercial knowledge, they also provide crucial data for the Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) to support potential military operations. The information gathered can be instrumental in enhancing naval strategies and ensuring effective underwater maneuverability.

Chinese research vessels, notably those from the Xiang Yang Hong series, have been systematically mapping the Indian Ocean’s seafloor, focusing on key regions such as the Ninetyeast Ridge. The underwater terrain in these areas holds strategic importance for submarine operations, as the data collected can help submarines navigate undetected, thereby improving their stealth and operational effectiveness. This seabed mapping effort is a part of China’s broader naval modernization and expansion. The People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN), now the largest navy in the world, is increasingly capable of projecting power far beyond its immediate regional waters. This growing maritime presence is driven by China’s economic interests, territorial ambitions, and its aspiration for global influence.

The Indian Ocean remains a crucial region for China’s strategic objectives, as it plays a vital role in securing maritime trade routes and accessing valuable resources. However, Beijing’s dual-use approach to oceanographic research—where civilian vessels also serve military purposes—has raised concerns among global observers.

Reports indicate that over 80% of China’s active research vessels have exhibited suspicious activities or have affiliations suggesting involvement in advancing Beijing’s geopolitical ambitions. This strategic seabed mapping plays a crucial role in China’s broader efforts to strengthen its military capabilities and assert its presence in the Indo-Pacific region.

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