India successfully tested its K-4 nuclear-capable submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM) on November 27, 2024. The missile was launched from INS Arighaat, Indias newly commissioned nuclear-powered submarine, in the Bay of Bengal near Visakhapatnam. This milestone strengthens Indias nuclear deterrence and validates its second-strike capability against potential nuclear threats.

The K-4 missile, with a range of 3,500 kilometers, can target regions deep within adversary territories, including China and Pakistan. Designed to carry nuclear warheads, it uses solid fuel for reliable and efficient launches. INS Arighaat, inducted into service in August 2024, is Indias second nuclear-powered submarine after INS Arihant. It can carry four K-4 missiles or twelve K-15 missiles, bolstering Indias sea-based nuclear deterrent capabilities.

This successful launch highlights Indias commitment to maintaining a credible nuclear triad, which includes land-based missiles, air-launched weapons, and now a more advanced sea-based component. Submarine-launched systems like the K-4 are critical for ensuring retaliation capability even after a potential first strike, as they remain concealed underwater, making them difficult to detect or neutralize. Indias focus on strengthening its second-strike capability through SLBMs like the K-4 reflects its strategic goal of achieving Continuous At-Sea Deterrence (CASD). This would ensure at least one nuclear-armed submarine remains operationally deployed at all times, complicating adversaries strategic calculations and enhancing India’s deterrent posture.

The development and successful testing of the K-4 SLBM underline India’s technological progress in indigenous defense capabilities. It reinforces the country’s strategic balance in South Asia, especially given Chinas expanding military presence and Pakistans evolving nuclear strategy. This advancement positions India as a stabilizing force in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and strengthens its partnerships with key allies such as the United States and Japan. While enhancing Indias deterrence and regional stability, the advancement of such capabilities may intensify the nuclear competition in South Asia, requiring careful management to avoid misunderstandings or escalations. Nonetheless, the K-4 test demonstrates Indias readiness to protect its interests and maintain stability amid evolving geopolitical challenges.

Disclaimer: This Image is taken from Reuters.